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Joseph-Napoleon Bonaparte was the elder brother of Napoleon I, who made him King of Naples and Sicily, and later King of Spain. However, his rule over Spain was always tenuous at best, and constantly resisted by pro-Bourbon guerillas. He never established complete control over the country. In 1817-1832 he lived primarily in the United States where he sold the jewels of the Spanish crown he had stolen when he left. He returned to Europe where he died in Florence, Italy. |